Género, sexualidad y Reforma Agraria en Chile.


Tinsman, Heidi. “Good Wives and Unfaithful Men: Gender Negotiations and Sexual Conflicts in the Chilean Agrarian Reform, 1964-73.” Hispanic American Historical Review, 81:3-4 2001, Duke University Press. pp. 587- 619

La Reforma Agraria como proceso histórico promovió un discurso de equidad o mutualismo de género, mientras que por otro lado, todos los procesos de repartición de tierras y capacitación estuvieron dirigidos a los campesinos hombres como “jefes de hogar”. Las mujeres a su vez, se apropiaron de la retórica de las responsabilidades conyugales de los hombres para ejercer cierta agencia en el plano de la sexualidad. Bajo la retórica de la modernización, la Reforma Agraria promovió ideales de masculinidad ligados al rol productivo del hombre, su militancia y la responsabilidad familiar; mientras que al mismo tiempo promovió una feminidad subordinada, dependiente y de respetabilidad. De esta manera, la RA no solo reprodujo las jerarquías entre el trabajo productivo y no productivo, sino que al tratar el trabajo feminino como doméstico, privado, y meramente reproductivo, invisibilizó el trabajo productivo que formaba parte de la vida de la mujer del campo.

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