Anatomía Actual de Moulian (je)


Moulian, Tomás. Chile Actual: Anatomía de un Mito. Santiago de Chile: LOM-Arcis, 1997.

Moulian intenta comprender el proceso histórico de la dictadura y la transición pero parte reconociendo la imposibilidad del lenguaje de las ciencias sociales para simbolizar experiencias límites que rebasan los sentidos de las palabras, por lo que recurre a una serie de metáforas que denomina lenguaje poético. Busca producir una genealogía del Chile Actual que no se reduzca a establecer causalidades entre el Chile Dictatorial —caracterizado por una revolución capitalista y por una dictadura terrorista que deviene dictadura constitucional— y el presente.

Una característica fundamental del Chile Actual es la compulsión al olvido, como mecanismo de defensa y síntoma del trauma de la violencia política, del terror anclado en los cuerpos. Otros síntomas del Chile Actual son: la depresión, la deseperanza, el fatalismo y la sensación de a-historicidad; contracaras del exitismo, euforia, competitividad y mercantilismo. La transición constituyó un sistema de trueques donde el silencio y el "blanqueo" se presentaron como condiciones para la estabilidad de un nuevo orden democráctico, y donde la figura de Pinochet trasmuta de Dictador a Patriarca, figura necesaria para el éxito del modelo neoliberal del Chile Actual. El iceberg que Chile envió para su representación en la Expo Sevilla 1992 expresa este deseo tanto de distanciarse de las referencias tropicalizantes de América Latina sino también y más que nada para marketear a Chile Actual como transparente, "limpiado, sanitizado, purificado" (35). A su vez, el consenso es el eje simbólico del Chile Actual, en tanto etapa superior del olvido. El contenido del consenso es la legitimidad del modelo económico neoliberal, la desaparición de los antagonismos: "se usó la estrategia de fomentar el temor regresivo, de condenar como irracional cualquier divergencia. De estigmatizarla como un pecado contra lo real, por tanto contra la sobrevivencia de una transición precaria" (39).

Uno de los argumentos más atractivos del libro de Moulian es para mi su insistente uso de la metáfora del transformismo sexual para ilustrar la transición en tanto se logra la continuidad de las estructuras de la dictadura pero bajo los "ropajes" de la democracia...

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